Use:
-
- The Latin abbreviation only for parenthetical material.
* Punctuate the abbreviation as if it were spelling out the translation.
Do not use
-
- The Latin abbreviation for narrative material. Instead, use the translation.
| Latin Abbreviation | Translation |
| cf. | compare |
| e.g., | for example, |
| , etc. | , and so forth |
| i.e., | that is, |
| viz., | namely, |
| vs. | versus |
Remember:
- Use “v.” (versus) in the title of a court case, in reference lists, and in text citations.
- Use “et al.” for narrative and parenthetical citations
- APA does not use “ibid.”
(Adapted from APA, 2020, pp.176)
The American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association 7th edition.
