A source can be incorporated in your writing using either parenthetical or narrative style in-text citations.
In a parenthetical citation, you place all the information in parentheses after the quote. In a narrative citation, you name the author in your sentence (followed by the year) and place the page number after the quote.
The examples in the table below are written in APA Style
Example
Parenthetical:
Frogs are an excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. They are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution (Willemssen, 2010). When frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland (Willemssen, 2010). In addition, when oddities in frog morphology appear, such as frogs with five legs or two heads, one can also assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment (Willemssen, 2010).
Narrative:
Frogs are an excellent indicator species to measure wetland health. Willemssen (2010) refers to research conducted recently in Wisconsin that shows that frogs are very sensitive to changes in pH caused by acid rain, and they are also very sensitive to different types of pollution. Her research indicates that when frog populations in a wetland plummet, one can be sure that something is going wrong in the wetland. In addition, she finishes by noting that when oddities in frog morphology appear, like frogs with five legs or two heads, one can also assume something is going wrong in the wetland environment.
Source
APA STYLE. (2022, July). Parenthetical versus narrative in-text citations. APA STYLE. https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/citations/basic-principles/parenthetical-versus-narrative
Seneca Libraries. (2022, November 21). APA citation guide (APA 7th edition): Quoting vs. paraphrasing. Senecacollege. https://library.senecacollege.ca/apa/intext
